conclusions5, but it did highlight the range of diverse views among UN member states, and the fact that capacity building and technical assistance was needed in all areas independently of any efforts at the setting of global legal or other standards6. There was broad support for capacity building and technical assistance, and for the role of UNODC in that regard. 21. Commonwealth countries should also be encouraged to develop and implement all other components of an effective response both to cybercrime, and to the challenges related to the recognition, collection, preservation and admissibility of electronic evidence in relation to any type of criminal activity. These should include as a minimum: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) national strategies for an effective and co-ordinated response; effective cybercrime prevention including general awareness raising; co-ordination of actions by government departments and other agencies; appropriately resourced and trained criminal justice actors7; efficient response systems such as 24/7 networks; and mechanisms and protocols for co-operating with Communication Service Providers (CSPs) and the private sector as a whole. Part 3: The Group collaborate with other international and regional bodies with a view to identifying best practice, educational material and training programmes for investigators, prosecutors and judicial officers 22, This part of the Report seeks to establish clear guidelines regarding the levels of training on cybercrime and handling electronic evidence that may be necessary for criminal justice actors. The provision of adequate resources by governments for this purpose is crucial. 23. It is necessary to take into account the different roles and professions of criminal justice actors and any assessment of training needs as well as any sensitivities about the method and context of delivery. 24. The requirements for skills and knowledge range from those at the basic levels, where training should be embedded within routine training programmes, to those at the highest level where specialised training is needed by those tasked with investigating electronic attacks on critical national infrastructure and other targets, as well as those dealing with the analysis and interpretation of electronic evidence. Generally the higher the knowledge level required, the lower the numbers of personnel that need to be trained. 25. The approach to the planning of training recommended by the Group supports and encourages countries to incorporate cybercrime and electronic evidence training within their national programmes drawing on training initiatives and well tested and proven programmes already in existence. 5 UNODC does not associate itself with this wording. Resolution 22/7 of the United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (2013) expressed appreciation for the work done thus far by the expert group, requested the group to continue its work towards fulfilling its mandate, invited the group, subject to the availability of extra-budgetary resources, to finalise reports of its deliberations and requested to report to the Commission on progress in its work. 6 UNODC does not associate itself with this wording which is not included in the report on the meeting of the expert group to conduct a comprehensive study on cybercrime held in Vienna from 25-28 February 2013 contained in document UNODC/CCPCJ/EG.4/2013/3. 7 This term is used in this Report to include investigators, prosecutors, law enforcement personnel, judges and magistrates. 6

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