1 Introduction The development of the digital economy and society is one of the main priorities of the Czech government today. The Strategy Paper on Digital Economy and Society (part of the Digital Czech Republic concept), adopted by the Government by Resolution No. 629 of 3 October 2018, declares that “the digital economy is a fundamental pillar of society-wide changes brought about by the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution”. Within its pillar, Digital State, Manufacturing and Services, the Innovation Strategy 2019-20301 – The Country for the Future specifies Construction of high-speed infrastructure as the basis for online services and classifies it as one of the basic tools. Building a digital economy cannot be realised without high-speed networks or very high-capacity networks, including fifth generation networks (hereinafter “5G networks”). It is also necessary to use analytical tools to work with Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things (hereinafter the “IoT”), while ensuring the cybernetic security of the entire system. In accordance with the above, the Ministry of Industry and Trade (hereinafter the “MIT”) is developing activities in the long term to facilitate, simplify and accelerate the organisational, legislative and financial processes of constructing high-speed networks throughout the country2 so that the Czech Republic keeps up with current global trends in the introduction of electronic communications networks and services in the complex legal environment. 5G networks and their development is a global phenomenon based on the convergence of fixed networks and wireless high-speed technologies. These reliable, high-capacity, low-latency networks enable the widespread availability of the service, more efficient communication with moving objects and mobile connections at any fixed location, which is expediently designated as MCFN (Mobile/Fixed Communication Networks). 5G network specifications are designed to meet the needs of whole industries. The number of wireless devices will significantly increase, with a wide range of sensors and regulatory elements. It is assumed that there may be hundreds of such devices per user, only one of which will be a smartphone. The amount of data to be transmitted over 5G networks constitutes an essential increase in the demand for network coverage of the national territory based mainly on optical fibres. The default concept of 5G networks as a radio communication method is thus significantly expanded and adapted to the needs of specific users. Even the network’s configuration itself will be adapted to their needs. Such networks can ensure low latency (i.e. a high response rate) and meet high security and reliability requirements, etc. The aim of the “Implementation and Development of 5G Networks in the Czech Republic – Towards the Digital Economy” document is to define the strategic approach of the Czech Republic to the deployment and use of 5G networks, to promote new opportunities for the Czech Republic industry, to engage the professional public, local governments and academia, and to raise the Smart City and Smart Region concepts to a higher level of competition in the market for services provided through these networks, in order to achieve the best conditions for end-users. The document not only deals with the definition of 5G networks, but also outlines visions and procedures, including radio spectrum management, and the prerequisites for their use for 5G networks linked to the 1 2 The Innovation Strategy of the Czech Republic – The Country for the Future (hereinafter referred to as the “Innovation Strategy of the Czech Republic 2019-2030”) was approved by Government Resolution No. 104 of 4 February 2019. For example, Government Resolution No. 885 of 5 October 2016 or Government Resolution No. 350 of 10 May 2017, or the adoption of Act No. 194/2017 Coll., on Measures to Reduce the Cost of Deploying High-Speed Electronic Communications Networks 4