JI H AD I S T AN D E T H N O - N AT I ON A L I S T T E RRORI S M 3D printing have opened up new opportunities for terrorists to circumvent security arrangements at airports and other protected locations. Although terrorist groups have repeatedly expressed their intentions to use cyberterrorism, they seem to lack the necessary capabilities to cause major damage. Switzerland as a possible target for attacks From the jihadist point of view, Switzerland is part of the Western world classified as Islamophobic and thus constitutes a legitimate, albeit not a priority target. Switzerland and its interests have so far rarely featured in jihadist propaganda. There are no signs of any foreign or domestic policy developments in the coming months, which might make Switzerland a priority target for jihadist actors. However, polarising events, such as a high-profile initiative with Islamophobic elements, could rapidly make Switzerland the focus of jihadist propaganda. Attacks on Swiss territory could also target the interests of states perceived by jihadists to be Islamophobic or of states, which play a prominent international role in combating jihadism. Jewish interests could also be affected. Jihadist threat to Switzerland remains elevated In view of the developments described above, the terrorist threat to Switzerland remains elevated. Attacks are still to be expected. The target location and the modus operandi selected for attacks will often depend on opportunity and/or accessibility, i.e. on the personal background, interests and contacts of the persons involved. Inspired lone actors and small groups often act spontaneously, without any instructions or financial support from outside. Since from the point of view of the ʻIslamic Stateʼ and al-Qaeda no courses of action are excluded, the nature of the jihadist threat will continue to be wide-ranging. Attacks on soft targets such as transport infrastructure or gatherings of people, involving little logistical outlay and executed by jihad-inspired lone actors or small groups, remain the most likely threat to Switzerland. Threat from ethno-nationalist groups remains It can be assumed that the PKK will maintain its structures and will continue to be able to mobilise large numbers of supporters rapidly when required. Although the PKK is generally willing to resort to violence, the leadership has so far prohibited the use of violence by its members in the West. However, the ban might be lifted in the event of Öcalan’s death or if Turkey or European states were to take extraor- 46 S I T UAT I O N R E PORT 2 0 1 9 | F I S