‘fourth industrial revolution’. In addition to industrial and service production these phenomena also have wide-ranging impact on societies in such areas as employment and taxation systems as well as on the international status of states and their mutual relations. Economic interdependency will further increase. Rather than a cheap workforce and capital, it is predicted that ideas will be the drivers of success. The actors and societies that are able to generate innovations, new products, services and business models will benefit from digitalisation. In the new model for growth those who come up with the best ideas will also reap the main benefits; this has already occurred in the field of integrated digital platforms. Others must cope with a smaller share, which will test societies’ capacity to adapt. In addition to the public authorities and businesses technological development also benefits other non-state actors. Questions associated with the cyber domain, digitalisation and cyber-security included, have become increasingly pivotal in foreign, security and defence policy. Social media has rapidly become an inclusive and interactive instrument which is reaching all corners of the world as fast as technology permits. Among other things, social media is used to create cross-border communities, organise campaigns, monitor and influence electoral processes, arrange crowdfunding and challenge those in power. In social media individuals quickly rally around a single issue – for and against it. Social media will gain increasing prominence and this development will have entirely new kinds of impacts, both within and across national borders. Many global trends accelerate, especially, migration around the world. Different combinations of increasing disparity in standards of living, unsatisfactory respect for human rights, deteriorating living conditions and conflicts combined with strong population growth, particularly in Africa, are the backdrop for the refugee problem as well as migration in a wider sense. Migration to Europe is on the rise. When uncontrolled, it also entails significant internal radicalisationinduced risks for the receiving countries, such as terrorism, xenophobic extremism and crime. This, too, is concrete proof of the indivisibleness of internal and external security. There is the danger of increasing inequality caused by social and technological reasons. It may contribute to social exclusion, the willingness to move abroad, radicalisation and problems in the functioning of political systems. 10