 The first two pillars focus on developing cyber skills needed in the workforce and society. Efforts related to enhancing the national cyber workforce are discussed in the third pillar, while the final pillar addresses the unique opportunities and challenges of federal employment. Wherever possible, the federal government will lead by example in implementing positive change. Three guiding imperatives inform objectives throughout this strategy: (1) leverage collaborative workforce development ecosystems to meet cyber workforce demands; (2) enable the lifelong pursuit of cyber skills; and (3) strengthen the cyber workforce through greater diversity and inclusion. M ANDATE AND S COPE M ANDATE The President’s National Cybersecurity Strategy (NCS) states our current strategic landscape presents both tremendous opportunity and significant challenges.5 This document builds on the NCS by setting forth an approach to cyber education and workforce development. The United States and its partners must navigate this decisive decade to build a defensible, resilient, values-aligned digital environment that furthers Figure 1. Strategy Overview security, economic prosperity, and technological innovation. The NCS calls for two major shifts. First, responsibility for defending cyberspace should be shifted from individuals and small businesses to the most capable actors in cyber space. Accordingly, cybersecurity must be built into education and workforce development programs relevant to sustaining the digital environment. (For the definition of cybersecurity, see Appendix A.). The second shift seeks to alter incentives across public and private sectors to favor long-term investments in security. Consistent with this shift, we focus on foundational cyber skills, changes in education, and collaborative cyber education and workforce development ecosystems. The growing use of cloud computing, AI, ML, virtual reality, quantum computing, and other emerging technologies place ever-changing demands on the cyber workforce. Thus, this strategy NATIONAL CYBER WORKFORCE AND EDUCATION STRATEGY 2