PILLAR THREE | EXPAND AND ENHANCE AMERICA’S CYBER WORKFORCE Growing and enhancing the cyber workforce requires collaboration. Ecosystem stakeholders are encouraged to coalesce around common frameworks to develop cyber skills that can adapt to evolving demands in our dynamic technological environment. This includes adopting a skills-based approach, rather than relying solely on college degrees, job experience, and industry-recognized certifications as definitive indicators of qualification. To support workforce development in the private sector, ecosystem stakeholders are encouraged to utilize the NICE Framework, which establishes a common lexicon for cybersecurity work roles and the knowledge and skills needed for those roles. The websites hosted by NIST, CISA,75 the Department of Labor,76 and other agencies are also good resources. The federal government actively participates in ecosystems through workforce development investments, including those led by the Departments of Commerce, Education, and Labor. These investments are supported by legislation, including the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act, Higher Education Act, and more recently, the Good Jobs Challenge, CHIPS and Science Act, American Rescue Plan, and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. The federal government must build on these investments by providing incentives for collaboration in ecosystems, promoting best practices, and highlighting effective examples. Efforts to strengthen the cyber workforce must encompass all Americans, and address barriers that have prevented underserved and underrepresented populations from joining the cyber workforce. A dynamic cyber workforce that draws on all Americans will lead to innovation and long-term economic and technological competitiveness. We must strengthen our efforts to grow the cyber workforce through exchanges of best practices with international partners and allies. Given the borderless nature of cyberspace, we must also include cyber workforce development in U.S. capacity-building efforts around the world. S TRATEGIC O BJECTIVE 3.1: G ROW THE C YBER W ORKFORCE BY P ROLIFERATING AND S TRENGTHENING E COSYSTEMS Effective, sustainable ecosystems require incubation, cultivation, investment, information sharing, and above all the collaboration of all stakeholders in the pursuit of common goals. They draw on the 25 NATIONAL CYBER WORKFORCE AND EDUCATION STRATEGY