On the basis of reciprocity, the EU will continue to exchange with NATO on the military conceptual framework concerning the integration of cyber defence aspects into the planning and conduct of military CSDP missions and operations. The EU will strive for compatibility with NATO concepts and doctrine on cyber defence to the maximum extent possible. With regard to the high demand for cyber defence capabilities, the EU will promote synergies and complementarity with NATO across organisational and national boundaries. The EU will partner with NATO to strengthen the technical and procedural interoperability of cyber defence capabilities, including the development of capabilities in line with the FMN initiative. This will pave the way for the potential mutually supportive development and employment of cyber defence capabilities. Special consideration should be given to the interoperability of standards, contributing to the cyber resilience and interoperability of military communication and information systems, by involving industry where relevant. To provide coherent training to respective cyber defence personnel, where applicable the EU will also strengthen cooperation with NATO on the harmonisation of training needs and requirements analysis, developing joint curricula, courses and exercises. On the basis of the principles of reciprocity and non-discrimination, the ESDC will open its cyber defence training courses to NATO staff and establish a platform to advertise common courses. The EU will also promote NATO staff participation in cyber exercises and crisis management exercises with cyber elements. The EU and NATO will also engage in the further improvement of mutual situational awareness and explore avenues for coordination, including by strengthening the cooperation between NCIRC and CERT-EU. To foster cooperation concerning the cyber aspects and implications of crisis management and response, the EU will contribute to the exchange between staffs on military, civilian and common initiatives and, where applicable, to the development of potential synergies of respective crisis management frameworks and initiatives, including in the case of large-scale incidents. In order to ensure mutual complementarity and avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts, the EU will seek closer cooperation and information exchange with NATO on cyber defence capacity-building efforts in partner countries. 4.2. Cooperation with like-minded partners The High Representative will include cyber defence issues more systematically in existing and future cyber as well as security and defence dialogues with partners. As cyber defence aspects will develop in bilateral dialogues, there will be a growing potential to introduce cyber defence issues in other formats of cooperation with EU partners. The EU’s strategic partnership with the United States will continue to deepen cooperation in security and defence in a mutually beneficial way including through structured exchange of information on situational awareness. Regular EU-US Cyber Dialogues and EU-US Security and Defence Dialogues confirm a strong Trans-Atlantic partnership. The High Representative will introduce relevant aspects of cyber defence into these dialogues where appropriate. Together with its international partners, the EU will continue to support Ukraine, including through a cyber dialogue. In view of Ukraine’s experience in building cyber resilience and cyber defence capacities, the exchange of best practices on cyber defence, including 19