Papua New Guinea Cybercrime Policy 2014   (a) Offences  against  the  confidentiality,  integrity  and  availability  of  electronic  data,   systems   and   networks   (this   includes   illegal   access   to   electronic   systems   and   networks,   illegal   remaining   in   an   electronic   system   or   network,   illegal   access   to   electronic   data,   illegal   interception   of   electronic   data,   illegal   data   interference,   illegal   data   acquisition,   illegal   system   or   network   interference   and   illegal   obstruction  of  use  of  electronic  data)     Content-­‐related  offences  (this  includes  child  pornography,  SPAM  and  harassment   utilising  means  of  electronic  communication)   (b)   (c)   (d) Copyright-­‐related  offences   Other  offences  including  computer-­‐related  fraud  or  forgery,  identity-­‐related  crime   and  misuse  of  devices.     5.   History  of  Policy  Development  in  PNG     There   were   concerted   efforts   made   prior   to   and   after   Independence   towards   formulating  a  National  Policy  on   Information   and  Communication.    In  1992,  the  first  real   steps  were  taken  when  the  Government  tabled  the  National  Policy  on  Information  and   Communications   (“NPIC”)   in   Parliament  through   the   then   Minister,   Honourable   Martin   Thompson,  M.P.       The   priority   of   Government   then   was   to   empower   citizens   through   information   dissemination.     Therefore   the   Policy   focused   more   on   media   and   information   dissemination.     Cybercrime   was   not   anticipated   as   it   was   not   considered   a   threat   to   Papua  New  Guinea  at  the  time.                       However,   the   advancement   of   technology   and   the   increasing   use   of   the   Internet   have   transformed  the  world  by  providing  opportunities  for  business,  providing  access  to  the   global   markets,   delivering   a   wealth   of   information,   enhancing   social   interaction   and   enabling  greater  community  participation.         As  a  result,  the  Government  saw  the  need  to  formulate  a  policy  to  enhance  the  use  of   ICTs  for  national  development.    In  2005  a  national  policy  was  developed  and  endorsed  in   2008,   as   the   “National   ICT   Policy,   2008”.     Although   the   objectives   of   the   National   ICT   Policy,  2008  include  the  prohibition  of  Cybercrime,  it  accords  minimal  prominence  to  the   subject  matter.5     Under   the   National   ICT   Policy,   2008   and   during   the   development   of   the   new   licensing   regime  now  in  existence  under  the  National  Information  &  Communication  Technology   Act,   2009   there   was   some   initial   work   undertaken   by   the   Government   with   a   view   to                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     4  M.  Gercke,  14  July  2012.   The  National  ICT  Policy,  2008  addresses  Cybercrime  as  the  very  last  subject  matter  and  covers  only  two  (2)  pages.    The  objectives  of  the   National  ICT  Policy,  2008  are  to  ensure  that  pursuant  to  the  legal  framework  of  PNG  –       (a) Cybercrime  is  prohibited;   (b) Privacy  is  protected  to  a  degree  meeting  International  Privacy  Standards;   (c) Consumers  and  traders  who  conduct  business  electronically  are  adequately  protected;   (d) The  Intellectual  property  of  others  are  adequately  protected;  and   (e) Critical  IT  systems  are  protected  in  the  event  of  war,  disaster  or  civil  disturbance.     5     P|8