who can initiate and complete processes, pay for services or monitor and manage the progress of a service as it is delivered. In this context, services may also be independent. Integrative Systems These approaches aim to link local systems, systems with similar functionality, and systems across government agencies. Integration is likely to be both horizontal (across agencies) and vertical (within agencies), as well as involve Integration of technologies and processes, requiring the examination of existing methods and the possible reengineering of those methods. Transformative Systems These systems are the ideal models for a knowledge society. They reflect the stage of growth that can facilitate the strengthening of democracy and promotion of transparency in governance. Under this model, Governments seek to combine delivery of public services with applicable private sector services. It is the stage of transformation where new functionality and services are discovered and implemented, and where citizens and the public become partners in service delivery. 58