National Cybersecurity Strategy Introduction Connection speed, number of interactions among users, and online accessibility of data and information are not sufficient parameters to define the digital development that characterizes the contemporary age, nor are they able to describe, in its entirety, the complexity of cyberspace. future, the economic development and welfare of the State. Scientific research and industrial development determine the spread and progressive use of the so-called emerging and disruptive technologies (EDT), which include latest generation communication networks and protocols (5G/6G), blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, High Performance Computing (HPC), Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, advanced cryptographic tools and other disruptive innovations. In this domain countless interconnected and communicating services meet the daily needs of our communities and carry out their economic activities: energy infrastructures, financial markets, drinking water supplies, mass transit and, last but not least, the essential functions of the State, including its defence and integrity. Systems complexity and interdependence has grown to the point of blurring the duality between the digital dimension and the real world, often making it difficult to identify borders and their respective characteristics. The risks implied by such complexity – and the potential many economic, social and political implications – range from technological dependence and loss of strategic autonomy of the State to anthropogenic threats, in which human error is added to the initiatives of hostile actors, characterized by different degrees of sophistication and driven by different, but equally harmful, intentions. They are aimed at obtaining illicit profits (cyber-crime), gaining an information advantage If, on one hand, the relentless evolution of modern technologies makes digital "migration" more convenient, on the other hand, only the resilience and security of networks and systems on which these services are based on can guarantee, in the short term, the security for our community and, in the for the purposes of geopolitical competition (cyber-espionage), spreading divisive and polariz04