cooperation.
Increase participation in the process of establishing international norms on
cybersecurity and take the lead in disseminating international rules and best practices.
Actively engage in discussions regarding trust building to prevent escalation between
States due to any misunderstandings in cyberspace.
Expand foreign assistance projects for cybersecurity capacity building to developing
countries in a reciprocal manner and share cybersecurity technologies and systems.
ㆍBilateral/Trilateral Cooperation
The ROK has been holding a series of bilateral and trilateral cyber policy consultations with a
view to discussing potential steps for cooperation and strengthening the concerted response to
cyber threats. Specifically, in 2019, the ROK conducted bilateral consultations with several
countries including the Czech Republic, Poland and the EU and a trilateral consultation with
Japan and China.
ㆍMultilateral Cooperation
At the multilateral level, the ROK has participated in four rounds of the UN Group of
Governmental Group (GGE) on ICTs and contributed to its achievement. In particular, the
ROK put a great emphasis on the “due diligence” principle that States should not knowingly
allow their territories to be used for internationally wrongful acts using ICTs. As the newly
founded Open-ended Working Group (OEWG) on ICTs has initiated its discussions, the ROK
reaffirms its commitment to making an open and secure cyberspace by actively participating
in the UN process.
In October 2019, the ROK co-hosted the Warsaw Process Working Group on Cybersecurity
with the United States and Poland. More than 120 officials from around 50 countries attended
the Working Group to discuss how to promote responsible State behavior in cyberspace and
how to develop and implement practical cooperative measures.
ㆍRegional Cooperation & Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs)
Cooperating with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the
ROK hosted the Second Inter-Regional Conference on Cyber/ICT Security in May 2019 to
discuss measures on how to enhance regional cooperation against cyber threats, while sharing
its experiences with the OSCE.
Moreover, recognizing the importance of establishing confidence building measures (CBMs)
in the field of ICTs, the ROK actively participated in discussions at both the ASEAN
Regional Forum (ARF) Inter-Sessional Meeting (ISM) on Security of and in the Use of ICTs
and the Open Ended Study Group (OESG) on Confidence Building Measures to Reduce the
Risks of Conflict Stemming from the Use of ICTs. The ROK welcomed major five
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