3 UK policy and practical steps to ensure norms of responsible state behaviour are implemented Norm 1 (UNGGE 2015 report, paragraph 13a) – Consistent with the purposes of the United Nations, including to maintain international peace and security, States should cooperate in developing and applying measures to increase stability and security in the use of ICTs and to prevent ICT practices that are agreed to be harmful or that may pose threats to international peace and security. The United Kingdom is committed to promoting an international stability framework for cyberspace based on the application of existing international law, agreed voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behaviour and confidence building measures (CBMs), supported by coordinated capacity building programmes. We work with partners across the OSCE to encourage implementation of CBMs – leading by example in adopting measures, including championing OSCE CBM 5 on exchange of best practice, awareness raising and information sharing on capacity building. We are pressing for movement from paper commitments to practical implementation. Transparency in this regard also helps build trust and confidence between states in cyberspace, which is essential to maintain peace and security in cyberspace. We participate constructively in existing international and multistakeholder fora (including the EU, NATO, UN, G7, G20, OSCE, OAS, ASEAN, ITU, OECD, WSIS and others) for discussing both responsible state behaviour in cyberspace and internet governance. The UK also engages in bilateral dialogues on cybersecurity with a wide range of other states, which contributes to our mutual understanding of respective approaches to cyber security, which helps increase stability and security in cyberspace. We have also worked closely with our partners in the Commonwealth. At the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in London in 2018, all Commonwealth states agreed to the Commonwealth Cyber Declaration1. It is the world’s largest inter-governmental commitment to cyber security cooperation signed by Heads of Government. It is an important expression of our shared desire to maintain a free, open, inclusive and secure cyberspace. The Declaration contains a particular emphasis on promoting stability in cyberspace through international cooperation, including CBMs, common standards and approaches, the application of international law in cyberspace, and tackling cybercrime. The UK supports this Declaration with £15m in programme funding, to help low and middle income Commonwealth countries build capacity to help tackle cyber threats. The UK continues to develop approaches and policies, alongside international partners, to increase stability and security in the use of ICTs, and prevent those practices that may threaten international peace and security. We work with partners, 1 https://www.chogm2018.org.uk/sites/default/files/Commonwealth Cyber Declaration pdf.pdf