ACTION ITEM 2 STRENGTHENING PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION Cooperation among public stakeholders, as well as cooperation among public and private stakeholders, should be strengthened taking into account that Critical Infrastructures are managed and operated by private organizations. That is why interoperability among actors should be fortified at national and international level. 2.1 Integration a. Facilitate operability of public-private existing cooperation schemes to detect threats, mitigate vulnerabilities, and coordinate response to cyber attacks. b. Support activities implemented by institutional fora, technical groups and competent bodies involving Critical Infrastructures and Operators of Essential Services’ as well as others ICT strategic players. 15