Version as at
6 November 2021
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Crimes Act 1961
Part 4 s 68
Obedience to de facto law
Every one is protected from criminal responsibility for any act done in obedi‐
ence to the laws for the time being made and enforced by those in possession
de facto of the sovereign power in and over the place where the act is done.
Compare: 1908 No 32 s 88
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Other enactments not affected
Nothing in this Act shall take away or diminish any authority given by any
other enactment to arrest, detain, or put any restraint on any person.
Compare: 1908 No 32 s 59
Part 4
Parties to the commission of offences
66
Parties to offences
(1)
Every one is a party to and guilty of an offence who—
(2)
(a)
actually commits the offence; or
(b)
does or omits an act for the purpose of aiding any person to commit the
offence; or
(c)
abets any person in the commission of the offence; or
(d)
incites, counsels, or procures any person to commit the offence.
Where 2 or more persons form a common intention to prosecute any unlawful
purpose, and to assist each other therein, each of them is a party to every
offence committed by any one of them in the prosecution of the common pur‐
pose if the commission of that offence was known to be a probable conse‐
quence of the prosecution of the common purpose.
Compare: 1908 No 32 s 90
67
Conspiracy between spouses or civil union partners
A person is capable of conspiring with his or her spouse or civil union partner
or with his or her spouse or civil union partner and any other person.
Section 67: replaced, on 26 April 2005, by section 7 of the Relationships (Statutory References) Act
2005 (2005 No 3).
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Party to murder outside New Zealand
(1)
Except as hereinafter provided, every one is liable to imprisonment for a term
not exceeding 14 years who, in New Zealand, aids, incites, counsels, or pro‐
cures the doing or omission of an act outside New Zealand which, if done or
omitted in New Zealand, would be murder.
(2)
Every one is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years who, in
New Zealand, incites, counsels, or attempts to procure the doing or omission of
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