jointly act for the purpose of directly committing of grave or special grave criminal offenses
by the members of this organization, or supervising or coordinating criminal activity of other
persons, or supporting the activity of this criminal organization and other criminal groups.
Article 29. Criminal liability of accomplices
1. The principal (or co-principals) shall be criminally liable under that article of the Special
Part of this Code which creates the offense he has committed.
2. The organized, abettor and accessory shall be criminally liable under the respective
paragraph of Article 27 and that article (or paragraph of the article) of the Special Part of this
Code which creates an offense committed by the principal.
3. The features of character of a specific accomplice shall be criminated only upon such
accomplice. Other circumstances that aggravate responsibility and are provided for by articles
of the Special Part of this Code as the elements of a crime that affect the treatment of the
principal's actions, shall be criminated only upon the accomplice who was conscious of such
circumstances.
4. Where the principal commits an unconsummated criminal offense, other accomplices shall
be criminally liable for complicity in an unconsummated crime.
5. Accessories shall not be criminally liable for the act committed by the principal, where that
act was no part of their intent.
Article 30. Criminal liability of organizers and members of an organized group or
criminal organization
1. An organizer of an organized group or criminal organization shall be criminally liable for
all the criminal offenses committed by the organized group or criminal organization, if those
offenses were part of his intent.
2. Other members of an organized group or criminal organization shall be criminally liable for
the criminal offenses prepared or committed with their participation, regardless of the role
each of them had in such offenses.
Article 31. Voluntary renunciation of accomplices
1. In event of a principal's (or co-principals') voluntary renunciation to commit a criminal
offense, he (or they) shall not be criminally liable where the conditions prescribed by Article
17 of this Code are satisfied. In this event other accomplices shall be criminally liable for the
preparation of the criminal offense or the attempted offense which was voluntary renunciated
by the principal.
2. An organizer, abettor or accessory shall not be criminally liable in event of their voluntary
renunciation, where they averted the offense or timely reported the preparation or commission
of the offense to appropriate public authorities. The accessory's failure to supply the means
and tools or remove obstacles for the offense shall also be regarded as his voluntary
renunciation.
3. In event of a voluntary renunciation of any accomplice, the principal shall be criminally
liable for the preparation of the criminal offense or for the attempted offense depending on the
stage at which his act was precluded.