A/68/156/Add.1 Content of the concepts mentioned in paragraph 2 of resolution 67/27 Japan believes that existing international law, including the Charter of the United Nations and international humanitarian law, is applicable to the use of cyberspace. However, given the unique characteristics of information and communication network technologies, further consideration is needed on how individual rules and principles would be applied. Considering the significant role that international law has played in securing legal stability and predictability in the international community, we believe that defining and clarifying how existing international law applies to cyberspace would complement the development of specific international norms on cyberspace and also contribute to building a stable cyberspace. Possible measures that could be taken by the international community to strengthen information security at the global level International norms for the use of cyberspace There are no international norms that regulate cyber attacks or cyber espionage in security, economic and social arenas. In addition, the validity of legally binding norms in cyberspace remains unclear at this stage. It is hard to ascertain the future overview of cyberspace at this time, as the speed of development of cyber technology is quite fast. Furthermore, forming a consensus on legally binding norms will take a very long time. Therefore, with respect to the legal nature of the norms, Japan considers it important to begin by discussing establishing non-binding general norms of behaviour. Confidence-building measures As an accumulation of confidence-building efforts among States can positively affect the development of international norms, the international community must continue to promote these efforts. In advancing confidence-building measures, securing transparency and information-sharing is necessary; however, the level of measures taken varies from State to State, as each State has the authority to determine the level at its disposal. It is, therefore, necessary to encourage information-sharing through global frameworks such as those under the auspices of the United Nations and regional frameworks. Netherlands [Original: English] [7 August 2013] The Netherlands warmly welcomes the opportunity to offer its response to resolution 67/27. General appreciation regarding issues of information security The Netherlands supports safe and reliable information and communications technology and the protection of an open, free Internet respecting human rights. It is essential for our prosperity and well-being and serves as a catalyst for sustainable economic growth. 13-47545 15/24