3.8 Digital signatures Digital signatures are a method of authentication for individuals on the Internet, in particular in e-commerce transactions. Digital signatures are often discussed in the broader context of authentication, including the questions of anonymity and attribution of activities on the Internet. They are particularly important in building trust on the Internet. Status of governance mechanisms for digital signatures In 2001, UNCITRAL adopted the Model Law on Electronic Signatures, which grants the same status to digital signatures as to handwritten ones, providing some technical requirements are met. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) issued a General Usage in International Digitally Ensured Commerce (GUIDEC), which provides a survey of the best practices, regulations, and certification issues. Digital signatures are most directly related to the following Internet policy issues: technical standards, the Internet of Things, cybercrime, encryption, privacy, data protection, jurisdiction, intermediaries, e-commerce, e-payment, consumer protection, cloud computing, access, and content policy. Possible gaps in dealing with digital signatures The mechanisms analysed appear to indicate the existence of a policy gap due to a lack of widely accepted standards on digital signatures that will ensure global compatibility, reduce transaction complexity, and facilitate faster development of e-commerce. 24