E. Confidence Building Measures The chapter could open by reiterating that there is widespread acknowledgement on the importance of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) as a means to defuse tension and prevent unintended conflicts stemming from the use of information and communication technology. We support the idea to move from regional to global, starting from certain CBMs, such as the one establishing National Focal Points of Contact. A network of PoC involving the entire membership of the UN could indeed better address the global challenges arising from the use of ICTs and should be considered as a CBM in itself, and not only a prerequisite for the implementation of CBMs. In most cases, CBMs have yet to be fully operationalized even at regional level. We therefore support the proposal to share best practices on their implementation, building also on initiatives developed by regional organisations, such as the OSCE and ASEAN, to assist States in translating CBMs into practice. At the same time, we would like the report to include a reference to the need for avoiding duplication and overlapping. Some of the existing CBMs are based on a multi-stakeholder approach. We see it as an added value, consistent with our position on the need to foster cooperation with the private sector and academia. We would therefore like to see this element reflected in the report as well (para. 47 could be expanded with a reference to CBMs developed by States that require the involvement of the private sector to be fully operationalized). F. Capacity building The chapter on capacity building reflects the importance that most States, including Italy, attach to it, as well as the richness of discussions and the membership’s expectations on this topic. In fact, Capacity Building can play a crucial role also for the implementation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Moreover, the report could further highlight that, at different levels, capacity building is a work in progress for all. We stress the need to avoid duplication of efforts and, while reckoning it is complicated, we should also consider monitoring the effectiveness of the programs. The report makes reference to the proposal of establishing a global mechanism aimed at enhancing coherence in capacity building efforts in the use of ICTs, suggested by some States. Such a proposal requires further discussion also on the practical means to realize it. In any case, it should be conceived as a tool to increase coordination and coherence and to avoid duplication. Regional and sub-regional capacity building initiatives should be taken into account. The multi-stakeholder approach of current efforts should also be preserved. Regarding the principles that should guide any capacity building program, we align to the list proposed by the EU. The proposal to develop a global capacity building agenda should be further clarified as its scope and aims are not entirely clear. The reference to it as it stands now in the text should be either eliminated or further elaborated upon. G. Regular institutional dialogue 3