79. On 18 December 2015, the European Commission launched a public consultation, accompanied by a policy roadmap, to seek stakeholders’ views on the areas of work of a future publicprivate partnership, as well as on potential additional policy measures—in areas such as certification, standardization and labeling—that could benefit the European cybersecurity industry. To strengthen EU’s cybersecurity industry, the European Commission will establish a contractual Public-Private Partnership (cPPP) on cybersecurity, as envisaged in the Digital Single Market Strategy. The aim of the PPP is to stimulate the European cybersecurity industry by: bringing together industrial and public resources to improve Europe’s industrial policy on cybersecurity, focusing on innovation and following a jointly-agreed strategic research and innovation roadmap; helping build trust among Member States and industrial actors by fostering bottom-up cooperation on research and innovation; helping stimulate cybersecurity industry by aligning the demand and supply for cybersecurity products and services, and allowing the industry to efficiently elicit future requirements from end-users; leveraging funding from Horizon2020 and maximizing the impact of available industry funds through better coordination and better focus on a few technical priorities; and providing visibility to European R&I excellence in cyber security and digital privacy. See also Commissioner, “Digital Single Market,” European Commission, at http:// ec.europa.eu/priorities/digital-singlemarket/. 80. Warwick Ashford, “Co-Operation Driving Progress in Fighting Cybercrime, Say Law Enforcers,” Computer Weekly, (5 Jun. 2015), at http://www.computerweekly. com/news/4500247603/Co-operationdriving-progress-in-fighting-cyber-crimesay-law-enforcers. 81. See also Actual Order Compelling Apple, Inc. to Assist Agents in Search of iPhone,”Cybersecuritylaw, at http://blog. cybersecuritylaw.us/2016/02/23/actualorder-compelling-apple-inc-to-assistagents-in-search-of-iphone/. 82. See, e.g., Saeed Ahmed, “Who Were Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik?,” CNN, (4 Dec. 2015), at http:// www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/us/syed-farooktashfeen-malik-mass-shooting-profile/ index.html. Page 56 | Chapter 1 | End Notes 83. See Julia Edwards, “FBI Paid More Than $1.3 Million to Break into San Bernardino iPhone,” Reuters, (22 Apr. 2016), at http://www.reuters.com/article/us-appleencryption-fbi-idUSKCN0XI2IB. 90. Thomas Boué, “Closing the Gaps in EU Cyber Security,” Computer Weekly, (Jun. 2015), at http://www.computerweekly. com/opinion/Closing-the-gaps-in-EUcyber-security. 84. Kim Zetter, “The Feds’ Battle with Apple Isn’t Over—It Just Moved to New York,” Wired, (8 Apr. 2016), at https://www.wired. com/2016/04/feds-battle-apple-isnt-justmoved-ny/. 91. “Number of Internet Users Worldwide from 2000 to 2015 (in Millions),” Statista, at http://www.statista.com/ statistics/273018/number-of-internetusers-worldwide/. 85. Nathaniel Mott, Take That, “FBI: Apple Goes All in on Encryption,” The Guardian, (15 Jun. 2016), at https://www. theguardian.com/technology/2016/ jun/15/apple-fbi-file-encryption-wwdc. 92. See, e.g., Tim Bajarin, “The Next Big Thing for Tech: The Internet of Everything,” Time, (13 Jan. 2014), at http://time.com/539/the-next-big-thingfor-tech-the-internet-of-everything/. 86. Cade Metz, “Forget Apple vs. the FBI: WhatsApp Just Switched on Encryption for a Billion People,” Wired, (5 Apr. 2016), at http://www.wired.com/2016/04/forgetapple-vs-fbi-whatsapp-just-switchedencryption-billion-people/. 93. See WDR § 1 A, supra note 10. 87. See, e.g., Ivana Kottasova and Samuel Burke, “UK Government Wants Access to WhatsApp Messages,” CNN Tech, (27 Mar. 2017), at http://money.cnn. com/2017/03/27/technology/whatsappencryption-london-attack/index.html. 88. See, e.g., Amber Rudd, Home Secretary, “Social Media Firms Must Join the War on Terror,” Telegraph, (25 Mar. 2017) (“We need the help of social media companies, the Googles, the Twitters, the Facebooks of this world. And the smaller ones, too: platforms such as Telegram, WordPress and Justpaste.it. We need them to take a more proactive and leading role in tackling the terrorist abuse of their platforms. We need them to develop further technology solutions. We need them to set up an industry-wide forum to address the global threat.”), at http:// www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/25/ social-media-firms-must-join-war-terror/; UK Home Secretary, “We need the Help of Social Media Companies,” UK Home Office News Team, (26 Mar. 2017), at https://homeofficemedia.blog.gov. uk/2017/03/26/home-secretary-we-needthe-help-of-social-media-companies/. 89. See, e.g., Peter Walker and Heather Stewart, “No 10 Repeats Rudd’s Call for Authorities to Access Encrypted Messages,” Guardian, (27 Mar. 2017), at https://www.theguardian.com/ politics/2017/mar/27/downing-streetamber-rudd-authorities-access-encryptedmessages-whatsapp-terrorism. Table of Contents