e 2 electronic commerce, and data processing, in the nation’s also overall social and economic development. The State nment enviro an ng providi of recognizes the importance conducive to the development, acceleration, and rational application and exploitation of information and communications technology (ICT) to attain free, easy, and intelligible access to exchange and/or delivery of information; and the need to protect and and safeguard the integrity of computer, computer the and s, database and s, network systems, communications confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and data stored therein, from all forms of misuse, abuse, and illegal or access by making punishable under the law such conduct powers t sufficien adopt shall conducts. In this light, the State ing to effectively prevent and combat such offenses by facilitat their and investigation, detection, at prosecution both the ng domestic and international levels, and by providi ion. cooperat arrangements for fast and reliable international Act, Sec. 3. Definition of Terms. -- For purposes of this : follows as d define hereby the following terms are with, (a) Access storing making use communication (b) refers data of any to the in, retrieving resources instruction, of data a from, communication or otherwise computer system or network. Alteration refers to the modification or change, in or program. form or substance, of an existing computer data refers to the transmission of (c) Communication video and information through ICT media, including voice, other forms of data. , Computer refers to an electronic, magnetic, optical (a) ions nicat commu or sing proces data other electrochemical, or device, or grouping of such devices, capable of performing ons and which logical, arithmetic, routing, or storage functi communications or ent includes any storage facility or equipm operating in or to d relate y directl facility or equipment type of computer conjunction with such device. Tt covers any capabilities like device including devices with data processing ks mobile phones, smart phones, computer networ t. interne the devices connected to and other (e) Computer data refers to any representation of facts, information, or concepts in a form suitable for processing a computer system > including to cause suitable a program MW a computer system to perform a function and includes electronic documents and/or electronic data messages local computer systems or online. () executed Computer by the intended to achieve Computer system (g) interconnected or related in to a set of instructions refers program computer stored whether results. refers to any device or group of devices, one or more of which, data. pursuant to a program, performs automated processing of ties capabili ing process data with device of type any It covers phones. mobile including, but not limited to, computers and The device consisting of hardware and software may include input, output and storage may which components stand alone also or be connected in a network or other similar devices. It media. or devices storage data er comput includes Without right refers to either: @) conduct undertaken (h) not covered without or in excess of authority; or (11) conduct by established justifications, legal or relevant defenses, principles excuses, under orders, court the law. network, Cyber refers to a computer or a computer (i) takes ion nicat the electronic medium in which online commu place. @) systems, Critical and/or infrastructure networks, refers whether to the physical computer or virtual, and/or traffic and/or the computer programs, computer data destruction or city data so vital to this country that the incapa have a would assets and of or interference with such system ty, securi mic econo or al nation debilitating impact on security, nation national public health and safety, or any combi matters. of those of tools, policies, (k) Cybersecurity refers to the collection. best practices, ng, traini s, action , risk management approaches protect the to used be can that es ologi techn assurance and . assets user's cyber environment and organization and