A/76/187 Furthermore, Turkey is aware of the importance of the implementation of international law, the norms of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace and the need for effective international cooperation. Turkey takes the necessary steps with determination to ensure these goals are achieved, and strengthening cybersecurity at the national and international levels will remain one of its key priorities. Ukraine [Original: English] [31 May 2021] An analysis of the available information shows that, in the conditions of “hybrid” war against our State, one of the main threats to national security is the Russian Federation’s destructive information and psychological special operations aimed at undermining the constitutional order, violating the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and aggravation of the sociopolitical and socioeconomic situation in our country. Purposeful dissemination of disinformation and fake information, along with armed aggression, has become an urgent threat not only to Ukraine, but also to the whole world, as it affects the consciousness of citizens of other countries, creates a distorted image of Ukraine and forms public opinion beneficial only to Russia. The aggressor State is increasingly taking measures aimed at reducing the level of information security of our State, creating levers of influence over State institutions and information space in order to strengthen its own position, forming a favourable foreign opinion and exerting pressure on Ukrainian State institutions to make decisions in its favour. To that end, promotion is carried out in the Ukrainian information and media space, on a systematic basis, and on the Internet, including through social networks, messengers, electronic resources and specially prepared information products, especially of a misinforming nature. In order to implement this negative informational influence on our country, the Russian Federation has created a powerful system for promoting propaganda content, which includes a network of information platforms (blogs, s ites), controlled media and Internet resources, aggregators and news concentrators, bloggers and opinion leaders for publishing content, news agencies and public relations companies to display propaganda messages in top news feeds. There is also widespread use by Russia of bot networks to quickly spread misinformation and anti-Ukrainian messages aimed at manipulating the mass consciousness. The key subjects of the information space used by the Russian side to spread misinformation are the world ’s leading social networks (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter), whose rapid audience growth has occurred owing to the ban in Ukraine of the Russian social networks VKontakte and Odnoklassniki. There is a tendency to reorient users of the Ukrainian segment of the Internet towards the widespread use of messaging services (Telegram, WhatsApp, Viber, etc.), owing to the possibility of maintaining anonymity, efficiency of placement and further mass distribution of content, and high levels of interactivity and feedback. Video hosting services (YouTube, Yandex.Video, RuTube, Video@Mail.Ru) are also used to spread misinformation, as the companies that own photo and video hosting services operate under the laws of the countries in the territory where they are located. This is used by Russian propagandists to create and post content on these web platforms that poses a threat to Ukraine’s information security. Owing to the fact that the source of such messages is United States and European hostings, the content is freely distributed on the Internet. 30/46 21-10045