2 A STRONGER COOPERATION NATO is putting civilian emergency preparedness and civilian-military collaboration on the agenda to a much greater extent than previously. Emergency preparedness, crisis management and robust critical societal functions constitute a precondition for the overall preparedness and defence of the individual country – and thus of the alliance. Guiding principles: •• Civilian support of the Norwegian Armed Forces in the event of cyber security challenges in times of crisis and armed conflict is provided within the framework of the total defence concept. •• Companies in the defence sector work with civilian counterparts to identify, exchange experience about and find solutions to cyber security challenges that may be of significance to the ability to carry out military operations. •• Companies in the defence sector and the civilian sector should make use of each other’s capacities to address common cyber security challenges. •• Companies in the defence sector share information and experience with their counterparts in the civilian sector in order to raise the level of national security. 2.3 International cooperation Norway’s international cyber policy is to serve Norwegian interests, ensure robust and predictable framework conditions, and contribute to preventing and protecting against cyber vulnerabilities and threats. The governing document is the “International Cyber Strategy for Norway” (Internasjonal Cyberstrategi for Norge), published by the government in August 2017. The strategy clearly states that a sustainable global internet is dependent on finding an appropriate balance between transparency, security, robustness and freedom. Digitalisation has changed the global digital landscape in just a short time. Digital value chains span national borders, and mutual dependencies are being established that challenge the control of the national authorities. At the same time, cyber crime and cyber attacks from both state and non-state actors constitute extremely serious threats to national security and economy. In order to 10 | National Cyber Security Strategy for Norway achieve the best possible protection, it is essential for Norway to participate in international arenas to reinforce cyber security at global level. Guiding principles: •• The authorities work with other nations to reinforce Norwegian ability to prevent, detect, alert and handle cyber incidents. •• The authorities promote international cooperations on cyber security, agreements on state behaviour in cyberspace, and collaboration on combating cyber crime in international arenas such as the UN, NATO, the EU, the OECD and the OSCE. In addition, dialogue is established with other states bilaterally and at regional level, including Nordic collaboration. •• The authorities ensure active Norwegian participation in relevant international arenas so as to ensure the internet remains an open, accessible, secure and robust platform, based on international standards and collaboration between authorities, the business community, academia and other parts of civilian society. •• The authorities ensure close coordination between bodies that represent Norway in arenas where international cyber security policy and cooperation on cyber crime and handling cyber incidents are developed.