Malaysia realises the importance of establishing defence cooperation with China. Joint Statements between Malaysia and China in 1999 and 2004 outlined various objectives among others strengthening defence cooperation. Subsequently the Memorandum of Understanding on Defence cooperation was signed in 2005 to further enhance existing defence cooperation. Malaysia-Republic of Korea defence cooperation began in 1987 and is focused on defence acquisition and defence technology and industry. Japan’s awareness of regional defence and security issues needs to be seen in a positive light. Activities such as exchange of information on strategic perspective and policy directions in areas of mutual benefit were held by defence officials from both countries. Defence cooperation between Malaysia and India was established prior to independence and India is one of main venues for training MAF personnel. With the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on Defence Cooperation in 1993 both countries have successfully improved cooperation in defence industry as well as science and technology. Pakistan too is an important source of training for MAF personnel and defence equipment acquisition particularly with the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on Defence Cooperation in 1997. The cooperative activities conducted under the Malaysia-Pakistan Defence Cooperation Committee involve military exercises and defence industry cooperation as well as defence science and technology. Defence cooperation was also established with several other countries namely South Africa, Sweden, Ukraine and Spain. The relation focuses on defence acquisition and establishment of good relations with countries outside the region. MALAYSIA’S NATIONAL DEFENCE POLICY Page 23