strategy flowchart expects input from allies and other international partners. Global harmonisation is important because gaps in national legislation abet cybercrime. As we see under the international cooperation pillar, the strategy may visualise and support the adoption of cybercrime conventions at the United Nations. Naturally, every country should select an approach that best fits its local needs and conditions. We identify the main aspect of the strategy next. 9.1.1 Government Legal Authority We have noted that national administrations are accountable for cybersecurity because cyber attacks threaten national interests in economic, diplomatic and national security spheres. However, national governments often lack the legal authority to run coherent national cybersecurity programmes for the following reasons. First, the commercial sector owns the majority of the critical information infrastructure. Second, cyberspace blurs the line between normal law enforcement and military operations. Third, global cooperation on cybercrime requires treaties on extradition and cross-border Internet searches that may not exist. Therefore, we advise that the legal measures strategy contains a governance structure to provide the Executive the legal mandate to mobilise all resources against cyber threats. Whilst local conditions differ, the mandate typically: 9.1.2  Provides the Head of Government the legal authority to create and fund a national cybersecurity programme;  Defines the legal basis for creating a national Computer Incident Response Team;  Grants powers to shutdown a critical infrastructure asset if at risk of a cyber attack;  Provides the basis for promoting cybersecurity skills, training and awareness;  Defines the legal and operational basis for an integrated and fully coordinated publicprivate sector partnership on cybersecurity;  Fosters innovation in cybersecurity to help develop long-term solutions; and  Grants the government powers to participate in international cooperation, dialogue and coordination activities focused on cybersecurity such as mutual assistance Parliamentary Cybersecurity Process In sub-section 5.3.2, we noted that the legislature plays a crucial role in providing the Executive the tools to ensure that cyberspace keeps a country secure and prosperous. Parliament also maintains oversight over national cybersecurity programmes to ensure that efforts to secure critical information infrastructure do not infringe on national values such as civil liberties. Parliament further harmonises national legislation with international conventions and treaties on cybercrime. However, parliaments may lack the requisite governance structures to handle cybercrime legislation quickly because they typically work in committees. Thus, different committees have jurisdiction over economic, social, 48 diplomatic and national security matters. Important cybersecurity committees include information and communications; science; constitutional affairs; judiciary; homeland security; education and media. The approach often fragments cybersecurity legislative activities as no single committee may have the powers to provide the Executive the resources required to defend national cyberspace. We, thus, believe that streamlining 48 Data from the “Fourth Parliamentary Forum on Shaping the Information Society: The Triple Challenge of Cyber-Security: Information, Citizens and Infrastructure.” Obtain a list of participants at: http://www.ictparliament.org/parliamentaryforum2011 49