online protection of children worldwide by providing guidance on safe online behaviour in conjunction with other UN agencies and partners. The UN Secretary–General, Heads of State, Ministers and heads of international organisations have all endorsed the Initiative. 4.4.1 Online Child Protection Guidelines Creating awareness and sharing knowledge and experience are two of COP’s key objectives. COP sees the risks facing children online as including inappropriate content; violence; online gaming and addiction; online fraud; cyber bullying and racism. As such, 20 COP has issued a set child online protection guidelines . The guidelines are the work of ITU, ICT sector contributors and child online safety institutions. The four guidelines are for children; parents, guardians and educators, industry and policy makers. 4.4.2 COP New Phase th On 17 November 2010, the ITU launched a new COP phase. The new phase aims to encourage the development of national COP centres, awareness campaigns and community forums to create a safe environment for young users of the Internet. Building on the Guidelines, the phase focuses on the development of industry codes of conduct; national hotlines; national roadmaps and legislative toolkits; training and collaboration through online platforms. We should note that national online child protection strategies follow the same approach as this Guide since COP is a GCA initiative. 4.5 GCA PARTNERSHIPS 4.5.1 ITU-IMPACT Alliance The GCA is both a framework for visualising the global cybersecurity domain and a tool rd for guiding national action. Therefore, on 3 September 2008, ITU and the International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats (IMPACT) signed an agreement that made IMPACT the GCA operational home and executing arm on behalf of ITU. The venture avails expertise and resources to detect, analyse and respond effectively to 21 cyber threats to over 136 ITU Member States . The coalition is of particular benefit to countries that lack the resources to develop their own cyber response centres. However, we encourage developed nations to consider joining the alliance because it provides a superb snapshot of potential or real cyber risks, threats and vulnerabilities. ITU-IMPACT also offers managed security services to the United Nations family. The activities of IMPACT match the GCA Pillars and Goals as follows: 4.5.1.1 GCA Pillars and IMPACT Activities IMPACT activities support the GCA in the following ways. First, the IMPACT Centre for 22 Policy and International Cooperation supports ITU’s Legal Measures objectives as 20 Obtain copies of the Online Child Protection guidelines at: http://www.itu.int/osg/csd/cybersecurity/gca/cop/ Visit the IMPACT website for a current list of participating ITU Member States at http://impact-alliance.org/home/index.html 22 Explore Centre for Policy and International Cooperation: http://www.impact-alliance.org/services/centre-for-policy-policy.html 21 22