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11.
Declarations of intent
No declaration of intent or other similar statement between the originator
and the addressee of an electronic record shall be denied legal effect, validity or
enforceability solely on the ground that it is in the form of an electronic record.
12.
Attribution of electronic record and signature
(1)
An electronic record or electronic signature shall be attributable to a
person where it was the act of that person.
(2)
The act of a person referred to in subsection (1) may be shown in
the manner set out in this section which includes the proper application of any
security procedure to determine the person to whom the electronic record or
electronic signature is attributable.
(3)
An electronic record shall be deemed to be that of the originator
where it was sent (a)
by a person who had the authority to act on behalf of the
originator in respect of that electronic record; or
(b)
by an information processing system programmed by or on
behalf of the originator to operate automatically.
(4)
Subject to subsection (5), an addressee is entitled to regard an
electronic record as being that of the originator and to act on that assumption
where -
(5)
(a)
in order to ascertain whether the electronic record was that
of the originator, the addressee properly applied a procedure
previously agreed to by the originator for that purpose; or
(b)
the data message as received by the addressee resulted
from the actions of a person whose relationship with the
originator or with any agent of the originator enabled that
person to gain access to a method used by the originator to
identify an electronic record as its own.
Subsection (4) shall not apply (a)
from the time when the addressee has both received notice
from the originator that the electronic record is not that of the
originator, and had reasonable time to act accordingly;
(b)
in a case referred to in subsection (4)(b), at any time when
the addressee knew or ought to have known, had it