CDL-REF(2021)022 Article 11. -4- Principle of humanism 1. The Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia shall serve to ensure physical, mental, material, ecological and other types of safety of a human being. 2. No one shall be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. CHAPTER 2 OPERATION OF CRIMINAL STATUTE IN TIME AND SPACE Article 12. Operation of criminal statute in time 1. Criminality and punishability of an act shall be determined by the criminal statute in force at the time of commission thereof. 2. Time of committing a criminal offence shall be deemed to be the time of committing an action (inaction) dangerous to the public, irrespective of the moment the consequences ensue. Article 13. Retroactive effect of criminal statute 1. The statute removing criminality of an act, mitigating punishment or otherwise ameliorating the conditions of a person having committed a criminal offence has a retroactive effect, i.e. applies to persons having committed such an act — before the entry into force of that statute, including to those who serve or have served their punishment, but have conviction. 2. The statute defining criminality of an act, aggravating the punishment or otherwise deteriorating the condition of a person having committed a criminal offence has no retroactive effect. 3. The statute partially mitigating liability and meanwhile aggravating liability has retroactive effect only in respect of the part that mitigates liability. Article 14. Operation of criminal statute in respect of persons having committed a criminal offence within the territory of the Republic of Armenia 1. A person having committed a criminal offence within the territory of the Republic of Armenia shall be subject to liability under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia. 2. A criminal offence shall be considered as committed within the territory of the Republic of Armenia when it has been: (1) commenced, continued or finished within the territory of the Republic of Armenia; (2) committed in complicity with persons who were engaged in criminal activity within the territory of another State. 3. The liability of a person who commits a criminal offence within the territory of the Republic of Armenia and other states shall ensue under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia, where he or she was brought to liability within the territory of the Republic of Armenia and unless otherwise provided for by international treaties of the Republic of Armenia.