9. Recalling that the simultaneous existence and proliferation of legislation and norms that differ from one State to another and sometimes contradict each other constitute a major obstacle to an effective management of migration flows, The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly: 10. Expresses the hope that the admission of refugees and asylum seekers will take place under the best possible conditions and as rapidly as possible and that care will be taken to protect their dignity and security as well as the security of the host country; 11. Recommends that participating States take strong action to crack down on criminal smugglers, who exploit the destitution and distress of refugees and potential immigrants, and that the most severe penalties be imposed on them to set an example; 12. Calls on the Governments of participating States to stop evoking historical inevitability and to recognize the underlying causes of current and future migratory crises in order to anticipate and resolve them, namely: a. b. c. d. 13. political causes (wars, religious extremism); economic causes (poverty, weak development); demographic causes (high birth rate, absence of birth control); climate causes (climate change, lack of water); Hopes that, given the scale of the problem, the word ‘MIGRATION’ will be used in place of the words ‘emigration’ and ‘immigration’ to signify the movement of populations, a phenomenon that is likely to become permanent over time and which has been made easier by modern means of communication. 26