Article 41 (Freedom of conscience, of religion and of form of worship) 1. The freedom of conscience, of religion and of form of worship is inviolable. 2. No one may be persecuted, deprived of rights or exempted from civic obligations or duties because of his convictions or religious observance. 3. No authority may question anyone in relation to his convictions or religious observance, save in order to gather statistical data that cannot be individually identified, nor may anyone be prejudiced in any way for refusing to answer. 4. Churches and other religious communities are separate from the state and are free to organise themselves and to exercise their functions and form of worship. 5. The freedom to teach any religion within the ambit of the religious belief in question and to use the religion’s own media for the pursuit of its activities is guaranteed. 6. The right to be a conscientious objector, as laid down by law, is guaranteed. Article 42 (Freedom of cultural creation) 1. There shall be freedom of intellectual, artistic and scientific creation. 2. This freedom comprises the right to invent, produce and divulge scientific, literary and artistic work and includes the protection of copyright by law. Article 43 (Freedom to learn and to teach) 1. The freedom to learn and to teach is guaranteed. 2. The state may not programme education and culture in accordance with any philosophical, aesthetic, political, ideological or religious directives. 3. Public education shall not be linked to a religious belief. 4. The right to create private and cooperative schools is guaranteed. Article 44 (Right to travel and to emigrate) 1. Every citizen is guaranteed the right to travel and settle freely in any part of Portuguese territory. 2. Every citizen is guaranteed the right to emigrate or to leave Portuguese territory and the right to return thereto.