support synergies at the level programmes, technologies, innovation and start-ups, in line with the governance of the respective programmes99. In addition, relevant synergies and interfaces should be developed between cyber defence initiatives taken forward in other frameworks, including the cyber-related collaborative projects100 by Member States under PESCO, as well as with the EU cybersecurity structures, to support information sharing and mutual support. Strategic initiatives The EU should:  Complete the European cybersecurity crisis management framework and determine the process, milestones and timeline for establishing the Joint Cyber Unit;  Continue implementation of cybercrime agenda under the Security Union Strategy;  Encourage and facilitate the establishment of a Member States’ cyber intelligence working group residing within the EU INTCEN;  Advance the EU’s cyber deterrence posture to prevent, discourage, deter and respond to malicious cyber activities;  Review the Cyber Defence Policy Framework;  Facilitate the development of an EU "Military Vision and Strategy on Cyberspace as a Domain of Operations" for CSDP military missions and operations;  Support synergies between civil, defence and space industries; and  Reinforce cybersecurity of critical space infrastructures under the Space Programme. 3. ADVANCING A GLOBAL AND OPEN CYBERSPACE The EU should continue to work with international partners to promote a political model and vision of cyberspace grounded in the rule of law, human rights, fundamental freedoms and democratic values that bring social, economic and political development globally, and contribute to a Security Union. International cooperation is essential to keeping cyberspace global, open, stable and secure. The EU should to this end continue to work with third countries, international organisations as well as the multi-stakeholder community, to develop and implement a coherent and holistic international cyber policy, mindful of the increasing interconnection between economic aspects of new technologies, internal security and foreign, security and defence policies. The EU, as a strong economic and trading bloc founded on core democratic values, respect for the rule of law and fundamental rights, is also uniquely placed to lead in defining and promoting international norms and standards. 99 Such as Horizon Europe, Digital Europe and the EDF. https://pesco.europa.eu/ 100 19