30 Compendium: High Level Review of United Nations Sanctions B. Affecting individuals and entities Fourteen of the sixteen sanctions committees apply travel bans to individuals, and thirteen committees apply targeted financial sanctions to individuals or entities meeting relevant criteria set by the Council. As at the date of this report, a total of more than 600 individuals (620) and 400 entities (423) are subject to individually targeted sanctions. [NB: 296 names listed under the Iraq sanctions regime are not subject to either targeted financial or travel sanctions. The listing relates to the recovery of assets owned or controlled by those individuals and entities outside of Iraq prior to 22 May 2003]. 1. Due process Multiple HLR working groups heard that committee procedures related to placing an individual or entity under sanctions were not consistent with fundamental principles of the UN Charter because of the absence of adequate due process. International human rights law and instruments provide, and relevant authorities support, the imposition of measures directly affecting the rights of individuals, but require a fair process to ensure individuals are heard and an effective remedy is available. The conflict between these procedures and Member States’ obligations to protect civil and economic rights has created both legal impediments and political obstacles to implementation of UN sanctions. Legal challenges to designations in the European Union, the Council of Europe, as well as in national courts, have been the impetus for reforms in the Council’s listing and delisting procedures (e.g., the creation of a Focal Point for Delisting in the Secretariat and the Office of the Ombudsperson). The Focal Point was established in 2006 for individuals and entities subject to sanctions to petition the Council for removal of sanctions but has remained largely stagnant. In the case of the Al Qaida sanctions regime, the Council also established the Office of the Ombudsperson as an independent review mechanism of delisting petitions, whose recommendation to remove a person from sanctions can only be over-ridden by a unanimous decision of the Al Qaida sanctions committee or a decision of the Security Council itself; the Ombudsperson has been strengthened through successive resolutions over time. In addressing the adequacy of UN mechanisms for providing effective judicial protection, some courts have declared judicial review as the only form of effective remedy. Whether such interpretation will be adopted or applied more generally is unknown, but litigation concerning UN designations has