The Kingdom of the Netherlands’ response to the pre-draft report of the OEWG irresponsible state behaviour and thus transgressing the standards for responsible behaviour in cyberspace. 27. The Netherlands therefore suggests that the OEWG report recommends, as an implementation of UN GGE 2015 recommendation 13(f), that States consider the public healthcare sector as included within the scope of this norm. 28. Secondly, to address the development that critical infrastructure is no longer confined to the borders of States alone the report should acknowledge that critical infrastructure is increasingly becoming transnational and interdependent and that adequate protection of these critical infrastructures would benefit the international community. 29. Of this development, the internet itself is the best example, alongside other critical international information infrastructures. To address these threats, the Netherlands would like to suggest that the OEWG considers the recommendation that “State and non-state actors should neither conduct nor knowingly allow activity that intentionally and substantially damages the general availability or integrity of the public core of the Internet, and therefore the stability of cyberspace” as guidance for implementation of UN GGE 2015 recommendation 13(f) and therefore bringing this also under the scope of UN GGE 2015 recommendation 13(g). 30. In addition, the threat against the infrastructure and possibility to disrupt the technical infrastructure essential to elections, referenda or plebiscites have shown to be real and credible. To address these threats the Netherlands would like to suggest that the OEWG considers the recommendation that “State and nonstate actors must not pursue, support or knowingly allow cyber operations intended to disrupt the technical infrastructure essential to elections, referenda or plebiscites,” as guidance for implementation of UN GGE 2015 recommendation 13(f) and therefore bringing this also under the scope of UN GGE 2015 recommendation 13(g). 31. The Netherlands supports the recommendation that Member States inform the Secretary General of their views of the developments in the field of ICT’s, including the implementation of rules norms and principles. To facilitate this, the Netherlands, together with a group states, would like to suggest that the report of the OEWG endorses the joint proposal on a National Survey of Implementation of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 70/237. 32. The Netherlands supports the rationale behind the recommendation that the Secretary-General is requested to establish a repository for national practices. However, the Netherland would like to suggest that this recommendation is seen in conjunction with comparable recommendations regarding international law, CBM’s and capacity building and consideration is given to the modalities, including the cooperation with UNIDIR and the financing of these requests. Confidence-Building Measures 33. The Netherlands sees confidence building as one of the most important objectives of the OEWG. The CBMs developed by the previous UN GGEs, complimented and brought forward by regional organizations, e.g. the OSCE, are a key element in achieving this. 34. The Netherlands highlights that not all States are members of regional organizations and that not all regional organizations have CBMs in place. In our opinion, the implementation of the CBMs contained in the GGE reports should therefore be considered as international priority. Regional organizations not yet having CBMs should be encouraged to develop those and could benefit from using existing regional CBMs as a template, e.g. from the OSCE. It should be noted that because cyberspace is borderless, CBMs should facilitate cross-regional and international confidence building. The report of the OEWG should encourage states and regional organizations to facilitate cross-regional and international confidence building. 35. The Netherlands is supportive of further exploring the establishment of a repository of national Point of Contacts and the establishment of a repository of CBMs on bilateral, (sub) regional, multilateral and multistakeholder level. Further clarification on the role of the Secretary-General and UNIDIR, and related costs, concerning the establishment of the repository of CBMs and the establishment of a global registry of national Point of Contacts, is needed in order to fully support the recommendations. Page 4 of 6