territories according to law.
·Judicial Jurisdiction. States have the right to exercise judicial jurisdiction over the
ICT-related infrastructure, entities and activities as well as relevant data and information
within their territories according to law.
States have the right to exercise, in accordance with the universally recognized principles
and rules of international law, necessary and reasonable personal, territorial and
protective jurisdiction over specific ICT activities outside their territories that have
genuine and substantial connection to the States as well as over relevant ICT-related
facilities, entities, data and information. In order to exercise its jurisdiction, a State may
seek assistance from other States and regions in the spirit of self-restraint, comity and
reciprocity.
·Defense. States have the right to build capacity in securing ICTs and adopt lawful and
reasonable measures under the framework of the UN Charter to protect their legitimate
rights and interests in cyberspace from external infringement.
II. Obligations
Whether in the physical world or cyberspace, sovereignty incorporates both rights and
obligations. The connectivity and interdependence among States in cyberspace all the
more requires States to respect the basic norms and general principles of international law
and earnestly fulfill their due obligations specified in international law while enjoying the
rights derived from sovereignty.
·Non-infringement of the sovereignty of other States. No State shall without
permission access the ICT infrastructure of another State or infringe on the network
systems within the jurisdiction of another State. No State shall engage in ICT-enabled
espionage or damages against other States, including mass surveillance and theft of
important data and personal information.
·Non-intervention in the internal affairs of other States. No State shall intervene in
other States’ rights to survival, security and development in cyberspace. No State shall
support or allow separatist forces to undermine other States' territorial integrity, national
security and social stability through use of ICTs.
·Due diligence. No State shall knowingly allow its territory, or territory or ICT facilities,
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