4.2. Enabling private networks for Industry 4.0 and beyond There have been three types of spectrum so far: National strategic licensed spectrum has been used for example by the army, emergency services or in TV broadcasting. It is allocated and used nation-wide. Non-licensed spectrum has been used for example for WiFi, TV remote control or personal drones, but also in many other use cases. In most instances it is used locally, but rarely it can be used nation-wide, for example to create WiFi hot spots on trains. Commercial licensed spectrum has so far been used mainly by the wireless industry. It is allocated and used nation-wide. Technically, spectrum can also be divided into four categories, based on localization of its use and the licensing approach, see Fig. 21. Fig. 21 | Different ways of using spectrum COUNTRY-WIDE rare examples such as train companies using WiFi army, emergency services, TV broadcasting, mobile networks LOCAL WiFi, TV remote control, personal drone NEW PRIVATE NETWORKS OPPORTUNITY UNLICENSED LICENSED Source: Digiteccs Associates 34