Policymakers should consider boosting the diversity of 5G private network business models through designating a bloc of spectrum in the 3.4-3.8GHz range, and other 5G-suitable spectrum blocks in bands higher than 3GHz, for more flexible and location-driven allocation regime under the following conditions: 1. 2. 3. Such designated blocks of spectrum will need to have appropriate size to allow optimal spectrum utilization. There will be clearly established and transparent rules about how allocation and use of such designated spectrum is managed in real time and across different local territories. Management of flexible allocation of such designated spectrum across different locations and over time would be ideally overseen by a qualified and independent entity. 4. Private and local entities, ranging from small businesses, business parks, providers of transport and other infrastructures, up to large industrial conglomerates, should be able to use such designated spectrum for operating their own local private 5G networks on their land, around their infrastructures or in their indoor areas, under preestablished conditions aimed at preventing interference, and overseen by the above-mentioned qualified entity. 5. Access to such designated spectrum should not be strictly limited to local entities. Especially in areas where such spectrum is not used by local entities, access to it can be made available on a localized and dynamically managed basis also to the telecom, tech, utilities and other industries, or other entities. 6. If such designated spectrum was to be used in some locations by public entities, this must not lead to distortion of any competitive markets. As a result, ability of public entities to use such spectrum to provide localized public services may need to be restricted. 7. To further ease spectrum availability related pressures from public networks, utilisation of all spectrum can be further boosted by allowing private spectrum owners to engage in certain types of spectrum sharing. This should help addressing the telecom industry’s concern about spectrum shortage due to designation of part of the spectrum for local use. 8. While initial clarity and transparency around the local spectrum designation scheme is vital, as with any proinnovation policy, it will be appropriate to review the outcomes after a period of time and consider results of such review in setting future policies. “ Reserving a block of spectrum in the 3.4-3.8GHz band for a more dynamic and regionally driven use could help to boost efficiency and innovation across industries including telecoms ” 38