‫‪A/66/152‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳــﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟــﱵ ﺗﺘﻌــﺮﺽ ﳍــﺎ ﺷــﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟــﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟــﱵ ﺗــﺸﻜﻞ ﺳــﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔــﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘــﺮﻭﱐ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟــﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﻘــﻞ ﻋﱪﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫــﻲ ﺇﺣــﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺤــﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴــﺔ ﺍﳋﻄــﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘــﺮﻥ ﺍﳊــﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛـﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻼﻗـﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﺻـﻞ ﺑـﲔ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴـﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗـﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧـﺖ ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳــﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧــﺮﻯ ﺇﳕــﺎ ﻳــﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﺻــﺎ ﱂ ﻳــﺴﺒﻖ ﳍــﺎ ﻣﺜﻴــﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨــﺴﺒﺔ ﻟــﺸﻞ ﺍﻻﺗــﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟــﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﻣـﺼﺎﰲ ﺍﻟـﻨﻔﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳋــﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳــﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎﺕ ﺗــﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻣــﻦ ﺃﺟــﻞ ﺍﻷﻧــﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻄﱢﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨـﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗـﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨـﺎﻃﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴــﺴﺖ ﺣﻜــﺮﺍ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑــﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻛــﺜﲑ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﳊــﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌــﻮﺩ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺘــﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﻬﺗــﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻄــﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﳋــﺎﺹ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎﺕ ﲝــﺪ ﺫﺍﻬﺗــﺎ ﻫــﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴــﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﺣــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻧﻄــﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺳــﻊ ﻭﻫــﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺣﺼﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺟـﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻄﻴـﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺎﺣـﺔ ﲝﺮﻳـﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﰲ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﳍﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ ﻬﻧﺠـﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜــﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴــﺪﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻓــﻀﻼ ﻋــﻦ ﺫﻟــﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓــﺈﻥ ﻫــﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳــﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﺘﻄــﻮﺭ ﺑــﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣــﺴﺘﻐﻠﺔ ﻧﻘــﺎﻁ ﺍﻟــﻀﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻴـﺴﺖ ﻣﺮﺋﻴـﺔ ﺑـﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴـﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬـﻲ ﺳـﺮﻳﺔ ﲤﺎﻣـﺎ ﻭﻗـﺪ ﺗﻜﻤـﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ”ﺗﻮﺍﻗﻴﻊ“ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﲤﺮﻳـﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣـﺰ ﺍﻟـﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﻭﺻـﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳍـﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﳑـﺎ ﳚﻌـﻞ ﲢﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﺼﺪﺭﻩ ﺷـﺎﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣــﻀﻴﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﻗــﺖ ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒــﺎ ﻣــﺎ ﳛﺘــﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌ ـﺎﻭﻥ ﻛــﺒﲑ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟــﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﻋــﱪ ﺍﻟــﻮﻃﲏ‪ .‬ﻭﺣــﱴ ﻟــﻮ ﰎ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻣﻨﺸﺌﻪ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻘـﻰ ﻫﻮﻳـﺔ ﺍﻟﻔـﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟـﺪﺍﻋﻤﲔ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻨـﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻨـﺎﺀﹰﺍ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺫﻟـﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻤﺘﻌـﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣـﺪ ﻛـﺒﲑ ﲟﻴـﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻤﺲ ﺍﳍﻮﻳﺔ ﻃﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻜـﺎﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘـﺴﻠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔـﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘـﺮﻭﱐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘــﺪ ﻳﻌﻤــﻞ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺮﻣــﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤــﻮﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻫــﻢ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﻷﻓــﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻋــﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳــﺰ ﻣــﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﻟﻜﻨــﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳُﺠﻨﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻮﻛﻼﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﺍﳉﻬـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﻏـﲑ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳜﻠﻖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻹﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ”ﺍﻟﻐﺶ“ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺍﻟـﻴﻘﲔ‬ ‫��11-41689‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬