instruments have a broad scope that enables the use of such powers for the gathering of electronic evidence for any criminal offence,125 others limit the scope of international cooperation and investigative powers to ‘cybercrime’, or ‘offences relating to computer information.’126 In the international sphere, conceptions of ‘cybercrime’ may thus have implications for the availability of investigative powers and access to extraterritorial electronic evidence. Chapter Seven (International cooperation) examines this area in detail. As the world moves towards universal internet access, it may be that conceptions of cybercrime will need to operate on a number of levels: specific and detailed in the case of the definition of certain individual cybercrime acts, but sufficiently broad to ensure that investigative powers and international cooperation mechanisms can be applied, with effective safeguards, to the continued migration of offline crime to online variants. 125 126 See, for example, Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention and League of Arab States Convention. See, for example, Commonwealth of Independent States Agreement and Draft African Union Convention. 22