fewer than 10 per cent in some cases.28 On the one hand, this may indicate that cybercrime perpetrators in developing countries focus more on domestic victims and (possibly, stand-alone) computer systems. On the other, it may also be the case that, due to capacity challenges, law enforcement in developing countries less frequently identify, or engage with, foreign service providers or potential victims linked with national cases. Nonetheless, the reality of global connectivity must be considered as a central element to contemporary cybercrime and, in particular, the cybercrime of tomorrow. As cyberspace and IP traffic grows,29 as traffic from wireless devices exceeds traffic from wired devices, and as more internet traffic originates from non-PC devices, it may become hard to imagine a ‘computer’ crime without the fact of IP connectivity. The particularly personal nature of mobile devices, and the emergence of IP-connected household or personal effects, means that electronic data and transmissions could even be generated by, or become integral to, almost every human action – whether legal or illegal. 1.3 Cybercrime as a growing challenge Key results:  Because of the difficulties arising when trying to define and identify cybercrime, crossnationally comparative statistics on cybercrime are much rarer than for other crime types  At the global level, law enforcement respondents to the Study perceive increasing levels of cybercrime, as both individual offenders and organized criminal groups exploit new opportunities, driven by profit and personal gain  Cybercrime is advancing in the focus of the public due to increased media reporting of cybercrime cases, cybersecurity issues and other cyber-related news  Criminological theories and socio-economic approaches offer possible explanations for the recent growth in cybercrime activities  In many countries across all regions, the explosion in global connectivity has come at a time of economic and demographic transformations, with rising income disparities, tightened private sector spending, and reduced financial liquidity The increasing ubiquity of global connectivity presents a serious risk that rates of cybercrime will increase. While reliable statistics are hard to obtain, many country respondents to the Study questionnaire indicated that cybercrime is a growing challenge – a plausible viewpoint given underlying criminological and socio-economic factors. One responding country from Europe, for example, noted that: ‘Relying upon research and statistics provided mostly by the private sector or the academia, it is commonly agreed upon that cybercrime acts are increasing dramatically, with a limited powers to control it.’30 In the 2010 Salvador Declaration on Comprehensive Strategies for Global Challenges, annexed to General Assembly resolution 65/230, it was noted that the ‘development of information and communications 28 29 30 Study cybercrime questionnaire. Q83. In 2016 the gigabyte equivalent of all movies ever made will cross global IP networks every 3 minutes. Cisco, 2012. Cisco Visual Networking Index, 2011-2016. Study cybercrime questionnaire. Q84. 6