Publications of the Prime Minister’s Office 2024:13 Strong knowledge and skills at all levels Overall cybersecurity competence is ensured in Finland by strengthening the role of cybersecurity extensively in education, training and teaching, and at all levels of society and work. The ability of teachers to educate school students in critical media literacy and cyber risk awareness must be improved to reinforce societal crisis resilience. To achieve these goals, cybersecurity must be considered an aspect of digital competence when preparing curricula, with cybersecurity competence fostered in the teaching profession. Civil society organisations play a significant role in developing the competence of individuals in later life. Besides courses leading to degree qualifications in cybersecurity, opportunities for competence development should be enlarged through greater provision of continuous learning. The responsible operations of organisations include developing staff competence, identifying threats, responding to harmful activity, and reporting incidents in the cyber domain. The availability of skilled staff is vital in ensuring preparedness for cyber threats, evolving safeguards, and business growth in the Finnish cybersecurity sector. Supporting basic research and education in the sector provides a foundation for innovative and socially impactful R&D. The cybersecurity expertise of staff in public administration and associated responsibilities should be enhanced to ensure an adequate level of competence. An innovative cyber domain will be supported through active sharing of information and expertise. All individuals, businesses and organisations will benefit from a secure operating environment in which predictability improves with greater competence. This will also improve the appeal of Finland as both an investment target and competence cluster. Everyone recognises their responsibility for cybersecurity Cybersecurity competence is a basic civic skill, and every member of the public should be able to assist in realising a more secure cyber domain. Ways of encouraging a cyber safe daily life include strengthening media literacy and increasing awareness of good cybersecurity hygiene, meaning that good routine information security practices should be considered an inherent aspect of individual social responsibility. The security of communities and organisations also increases considerably when people act responsibly in the cyber domain. 24