Publications of the Prime Minister’s Office 2024:13 4.4 Building trust through cooperation Finland is a trust-based society in which the public, private and third sectors work closely together. Public authorities combat cyber threats in society, while the cyber professionals of businesses, organisations and civil society work with them in their respective contexts. Public authorities must function reliably, with services ensured for everyone. Members of the public must be treated equitably, with public authorities ensuring that both users and service providers can have confidence in digital technology and services. Challenges for society may arise due to such factors as demographic change. Digitalisation should be accessible and convenient to use, and available to everyone. Favourable experiences of mutual interaction build trust, and the cyber domain also needs reliable digital procedures for identifying individuals or other parties involved in interactions. Users must know whose service they are using or where information comes from. It is important to be certain about the parties to a communication, and about its factual accuracy and security. 4.5 Rapid development of quantum technology challenges national cryptographic capabilities National cryptographic technology capabilities combine protecting operating conditions for national security and national defence, ensuring security of supply and knowledge capital, and international cooperation. Some sectors in Finland have solid expertise in creating and applying cryptographic technologies. This profound expertise is nevertheless constrained by the limited overall number of skilled specialists, affecting the development and deployment of these technologies. Rapid progress in quantum technology poses further challenges to the current national cryptographic capability. Finland has fallen behind its peer countries in developing national cryptographic solutions, with no binding legislation on the use of approved cryptographic technologies. The slow pace of official assessments and approvals of cryptographic technologies and the absence of a national cryptographic technology laboratory may even obstruct the development and use of quantum technology. 19