• Counterfeit Access Device and Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1984, as amended (18 U.S.C. §§ 1029-1030). The Act amended the federal criminal code to establish an offense of fraud in connection with computers and grants authority to the USSS to investigate offenses under this Act. As amended, the Act establishes criminal violations related to cybersecurity, such as obtaining information or causing damage by intentionally accessing, without authorization, a computer which is used in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce or communication. • 18 U.S.C. § 3056. Authorizes the USSS to assess and mitigate cybersecurity risks to systems that could impact the agency’s protective mission, as well as detect and arrest any person who violates the laws of the United States relating to electronic fund transfer frauds, access device frauds, false identification documents or devices, and any fraud or other criminal or unlawful activity in or against any federally insured financial institution, among other violations. • 18 U.S.C. § 3056 note (Expansion of National Electronic Crime Task Force Initiative). Requires the USSS “to develop a national network of electronic crime task forces, based on the New York Electronic Crimes Task Force model, throughout the United States, for the purpose of preventing, detecting, and investigating various forms of electronic crimes, including potential terrorist attacks against critical infrastructure and financial payment systems.” • Section 890A of Title VIII of the Homeland Security Act (6 U.S.C. § 473). The Human Exploitation Rescue Operations (HERO) Act of 2015 (Pub. Law 114-22) amends title VIII of the Homeland Security Act and directs the Department to operate, within HSI, a Cyber Crimes Center to provide investigative assistance, training, and equipment to support domestic and international investigations by HSI of cyber-related crimes. The HERO Act also creates a Cyber Crimes Unit (CCU) within the Cyber Crimes Center, which oversees the cyber security strategy and cyber-related operations and programs for HSI. • 18 U.S.C. § 1028A – Aggravated Identify Theft. The USSS and other federal law enforcement agencies investigate violations of the prohibition against an individual who “knowingly transfers, possesses, or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person with the intent to commit, or to aid or abet, or in connection with, any unlawful activity that constitutes a violation of federal law, or that constitutes a felony under any applicable State or local law.” • 18 U.S.C. §§ 2251, 2252, 2260 – Sexual exploitation of children, child pornography, importation of sexually explicit depictions of a minor. These subsections of Title 18 criminalize the sexual exploitation, activities, and importation of material involving and constituting the exploitation and distribution of child pornography. HSI has primary investigative jurisdiction of child pornography involving international transportations, shipping, and mailings. A-3