Objective 4.3: Develop relationships and build law enforcement capacity to counter illicit uses of cyberspace. Countering illicit uses of cyberspace requires enhanced law enforcement coordination and engagement. DHS must expand outreach to other law enforcement entities at the federal, state, local, territorial, and tribal levels. DHS must build on existing collaboration capabilities such as cyber crime centers and electronic crimes task forces, which join together law enforcement, the private sector, and academia for the purpose of preventing, detecting, and investigating various forms of cyber crimes. DHS must also expand our role in international cyber investigations and law enforcement working groups that target transnational criminal organizations through our numerous attachés located around the world, as well as with key international organizations such as Interpol and Europol. DHS must continue to provide training on cyber crime investigations and digital forensics to law enforcement partners, including equipping nonfederal agencies where appropriate. Sub-Objectives: a. Collaborate with other domestic law enforcement agencies to investigate and counter cyber crimes. b. Strengthen partnerships with private industry and academia to prevent and counter illicit uses of cyberspace. c. Strengthen international law enforcement partnerships to counter cyber crimes. d. Provide training and, where appropriate, otherwise equip law enforcement partners to improve collective law enforcement capabilities. Outcomes: Greater cooperation with increasingly capable foreign and domestic law enforcement agencies results in apprehension of transnational criminal actors and dismantling of transnational criminal organizations that seek to use cyberspace for illicit purposes. Objective 4.4: Develop capabilities and resources to enhance investigative efforts and address evolving law enforcement challenges. DHS must better align our existing law enforcement efforts and resources to address new and emerging challenges in cyberspace, to include the growing use of end-to-end encryption, anonymous networks, online marketplaces, and cryptocurrencies. DHS must look for ways to leverage and share existing resources, technical capabilities, and investigative information available across the Department to counter illicit uses of cyberspace, and invest in new capabilities and development opportunities for law enforcement agents. Sub-Objectives: a. Identify and align existing DHS cyber investigative capabilities and mission support resources to build greater law enforcement capabilities. b. Leverage technical capabilities and resources available across the Department to supplement and support existing investigative and forensic efforts. c. Invest in cutting-edge technical resources and advanced law enforcement capabilities for DHS and its partners. 17