A/74/120 the issue of cybercrime, confirming the central role of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in that area. The Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace 6, submitted by the President of France at the Internet Governance Forum held at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on 12 November 2018, testifies to the country ’s active role in the promotion of a secure, stable and open cyberspace. This text, today supported by 66 countries and nearly 500 non-State entities, aims to promote certain fundamental principles for the regulation of the digital space, including the application of international law and human rights law in cyberspace, the responsible behaviour of States, the monopoly on legitimate violence by States and recognition of the specific responsibilities of private actors. France has also been involved from within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It organized the first meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Digital Security for Prosperity in December 2018, on the theme of the responsibility of private sector actors for digital security. The Group of 7 (G7) Ise-Shima Cyber Group, created in 2016, led to the adoption of an ambitious declaration in 2017 known as the Lucca Declaratio n , concerning standards for responsible behaviour in cyberspace. During its presidency in March 2019, France proposed the launching of a follow-up mechanism for the implementation of approved standards and recommendations at the United Nations level, affirmed through the Dinard Declaration on the cybernorm initiative.7 France is working to ensure that the work of the Group of 20 (G20) addresses the fundamental issues of competition in the digital economy, new methods of regulation, governance and digital security, in line with the Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace. As an active participant in the informal working group on cybersecurity of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), France continues to promote the implementation of the 16 confidence-building measures developed by the OSCE on cyberissues. This includes piloting of the implementation of the confidence-building measure on the protection of critical infrastructure. In order to strengthen the fight against the proliferation of malicious tools and techniques, France has supported the inclusion of intrusion software on the list of dual-use goods of the Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies. France believes that regulatory efforts must be pursued in this way by including certain cybertools on the list of war materiel, determined in accordance with the gravity of their effects. France believes that many of the challenges related to cybersecurity should be addressed through a multi-actor or multi-stakeholder approach, in order to taken into account the role and the specific responsibilities of non -State actors. In that regard, France supports the work of the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace. The Commission develops proposals for standards and policies that aim to strengthen international security and stability and to guide responsible State behaviour in cyberspace. __________________ 6 7 19-10580 Available at www.diplomatie. gouv.fr/IM G/p df/texte_appel_de_paris_ -_fr_cle0 d3c69.pdf. Available at www.diplomatie. gouv.fr/IM G/p df/g7_-_declaration_de_ dinar d_sur_l_initative_ pour_des_normes_dans_le_cyberespace_cle8a8313.pdf. 21/39