latter offence, or for an attempted offence or acting as an accessory to such an offence, and in addition must have attained the age of 18 when he or she committed the former offence. The courts may allow sentences passed abroad to have an iterative effect as if they had been passed in Iceland. Iterative effects shall cease to apply when 5 years have elapsed since the perpetrator served his or her former sentence, or since it expired or was lifted, before the commission of the latter offence. If the former punishment took the form of a fine, the period shall be counted as running from the date on which final judgment was delivered or the perpetrator agreed to pay the fine. Art. 72 Where a person has become an habitual offender, committing one or more types of crime, or commits crimes on a professional basis, punishment may be increased by the addition of up to one half. If this is repeated, the punishment may be doubled. Art. 73 Where prisoners serving sentences or held in remand for other reasons commit offences against Articles 106., … 126, 127, 164, 211, 217, 218, 225, 226, 233 or the second paragraph of Article 257, then when punishment is determined, the maximum prescribed under the aforementioned provisions may be exceeded, though not beyond a doubling of the sentence. In such cases, more lenient punishment than [imprisonment]. may not be imposed. … The provisions of the first sentence of the preceding paragraph may also be applied when the offence mentioned there is committed by a former prison convict against the superiors or staff of the penal institution where he or she was held, or when the offence is directed against the institution or its property, and also when a former prison convict commits an offence against the provisions of Article 111 involving prisoners serving sentences in the penal institution in which he or she was held. If a person who has been sentenced to life imprisonment and has not been pardoned commits a new offence inside or outside the prison, it shall be determined in a judgment what punishment would have been imposed if the previous punishment had not been life imprisonment. In addition, the court may impose a sanction under Article 47, even though the sentence period under item 3 of that article may be doubled. 1) 2) 1) 2) L. 71/1995, 1. gr. L. 82/1998, 14. gr. 2) Art. 74 The punishment prescribed in law for an offence may be reduced to below the minimum specified under the following circumstances. 1. When someone has exceeded the limits of an emergency defence measure or emergency action. 2. When the offence was committed by a person who at the time had not reached