2 Cyber Security Risks The risks related to cyber security should realistically be determined in order for the strategic cyber-security actions to be determined in the best way. With the current know-how, the primary risk elements related to ICT systems in Turkey are listed below; 1. The threat is asymmetrical as cyber space provides opportunities of anonymity and deniability for attacks on information systems and data, and the tools and knowledge required for attacks are often cheap and easy to get, and anyone or any systems across the world can participate in cyber-attacks, either knowingly or unknowingly. 2. Any information system can harm another due to the structure of the cyber space that is open to integrated and uninterrupted communication and due to the malware and other similar threat agents existing in the cyber space. 3. Most of the critical services to the populations today are provided and managed by information systems. 4. Most of the information systems of critical infrastructures are accessible through the Internet, 5. There is a lack of national awareness on the subject, in spite of the fact that cyber security at the national level can only be maintained by the contribution of all the citizens, National Cyber Security Strategy and 2013-2014 Action Plan 12/47