well as broaden the scope and target for cybercriminals. Hence, it is crucial for organizations to defend against risks associated with evolving technologies. However, the use of technology alone is not the only solution to successfully manage risks associated with sophisticated cyber-attacks. It is important that organizations in Vanuatu be more strategic about their ICT and Cyber Security approaches, and must continuously assess existing defences. Executing plans such as investing in ongoing Cyber Security capacity building programs, policies, regular incident response drills, and providing Cyber Security awareness campaigns are ways to achieving National Security. Furthermore, working effectively with collaborative partners that strengthen cyber security capabilities is an essential tool that can help Vanuatu and businesses to increase and improve cyber resiliency and literacy. Increased Cyber literacy will help combat the rise in cyber-attacks and cybercrime activities in Vanuatu, and across the globe. The National Cyber Security Strategy (NCSS) values and highlights the importance of Cyber Security for National Critical Infrastructure. It is important that all National Critical Infrastructures are identified and associated formally to lead agencies to ensure they take full responsibility and have that sense of ‘ownership.’ Such ownership encourages and motivates commitment that will drive appropriate security efforts to secure and protect Vanuatu. 6.1. Critical Infrastructure Sectors The urgency of protecting Vanuatu’s critical infrastructure and ensures this strategy identifies all lead agencies, organizations, and recognize the types of critical infrastructure and their impacts on Cyber Security. Figure 11 outlines all Critical Infrastructure and their respective lead agencies and organizations. Cyber Security Critical Infrastructure Sectors  Lead Agencies: Ministry of Justice, Attorney General Office (SLO), Public Prosecution Office  Lead Agencies: Ministry of Internal Affairs, Depart. Of Local Authorities, Ministry of Public Utilities, Civil Aviation Authority Vanuatu (CAAV) Legal Activities Transportation and Aviation  Lead Agencies: Ministry of Health Law Enforcement And Intelligence  Lead Agencies: The Prime Ministers office, Office of the Government Chief Information Officer (OGCIO/CERTVU), Communications, TRBR, ISPs, MoE Civilian Activities Technologies and Broadcasting Banking and Finance Health Energy  Lead Agencies: Ministry of Climate Change, Depart. Of Energy, Ministry of Lands, Depart. Of Water Management Borders, Ports and Marine  Lead Agencies: Ministry of internal Affairs, Vanuatu Police Force, Ministry of foreign Affairs, Depart. Of Boarder Control, Depart. Of Biosecurity,. Water Management Trade and Industries Food  Lead Agencies: Ministry of Finance, the Reserve Bank of Vanuatu, Ministry of Tourism Trade Commerce Ni-Vanuatu Business, Vanuatu Bureau of Standards (VBS)  Lead Agencies: Ministry of Agriculture Live Stock Forestry Fisheries and Biosecurity, Ministry of Tourism Trade Commerce Ni-Vanuatu Business, VBS Figure 11: Critical Infrastructure Sectors for Cyber Security in Vanuatu Figure 11 also emphasize the importance of protecting all critical infrastructure and not just the core Cyber Security infrastructure. Currently the CIs that are involved in Cyber Security development are:     Communications, Technologies and Broadcasting; Law Enforcement and Intelligence; Legal Activities; Civilian Activities; Vanuatu’s Cyber Security Strategy 2030 | 30