Planning and conducting number of soft-target nodes on that system, which further drives all communications onto a single, fortified node. Then at an appointed time, an electronic attack of that communication node leads to the adversaries’ denial of communications or to the exploitation of their cyber intelligence. c. Combination of actions. For a large or complex target, the creation of a single action may not achieve the commander’s intent. For example, a kinetic attack against a communications node will destroy a limited amount of equipment, but software-based system diagnostics may aid speedy recovery. However, when a kinetic attack is combined with an electronic attack that renders diagnostic software useless, repair may be impossible. 4 Section 3 – The recognised cyber and electromagnetic picture 4.6. A common operational picture (COP) is a command and control tool that provides situational awareness as a graphical display, facilitating collaborative planning based on current or planned activities. A COP is defined as: an operational picture tailored to the user’s requirements, based on common data and information shared by more than one command.48 A COP is blended by Joint Task Force Headquarters on the basis of correlated, assessed and validated data from a variety of common tactical pictures with the graphic displayed dependent on the commander’s requirement.49 4.7. The requirement for a recognised electromagnetic picture (REMP) within a COP has been recognised and defined as: a complete and seamless depiction of the electromagnetic environment aiming at positively identifying and continuously tracking all the emitters and associated platforms and weapons in the area of responsibility. 50 48 NATOTerm. 49 Joint Doctrine Publication (JDP) 3-70, Battlespace Management, paragraph 118. 50 NATOTerm. 44 JDN 1/18