The need for cyber and electromagnetic activities 1.11. As the world becomes ever more connected this leads to resource contention across electromagnetic spectrum frequency bands. Government and military activities in the electromagnetic environment and cyberspace must consider non-combatant use and ensure, where possible, that operations do not adversely affect access to this global common.10 Key points • Low entry costs and the rapid adoption of cutting edge technology means our adversaries may be equally, or better placed to use information as a force multiplier. • Challenges exist between using and integrating information while conducting joint and coalition operations. • Cyber and electromagnetic activities (CEMA) is not the change or development agent for electromagnetic activities (EMA), nor cyber maturation; it is based on synchronising and coordinating these activities. 1 • CEMA needs policy and doctrine to ensure it is coherently undertaken across Defence, the Government Communications Headquarters and partners across government. • It is important to learn lessons from past operations, such as events in Georgia, about the need to synchronise and coordinate cyber and electromagnetic activities. • The electromagnetic environment and cyberspace are a congested resource and operations need to consider other users, both friendly and adversarial. 10 Future Operating Environment 2035, page 21. JDN 1/18 9