- 12 - and reactive measures that ensure confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity and nonrepudiation of e-information, public and private resources and services in cyberspace. Globality of cyberspace is able to increase the risks both for private and public sectors. Cyber threats are materialized through the exploitation of human, technical and procedural nature weaknesses, most often in: 1) cyber-attacks against the infrastructure that maintain public functions or services of the information society which disruption/damage could be a threat to national security; 2) unauthorized access to cyber infrastructure; 3) unauthorized modification, deletion or damage of information data or illegal access restriction to these data; 4) cyber espionage; 5) causing a loss of property, harassment and blackmail of individuals and legal entities, in the public and private sectors. The Origin of Hacks Report identifies 981 million hacking attempts worldwide during the third quarter of 2012, with an increase of 23 million compared with the number identified in the second quarter37. The first four top countries in the ranking of the hacker attacks’ origin are the USA, Russia, China and Ukraine. Romania was ranked 7th in this top. Attacks may be politically motivated, as proven by cyber-attacks against Estonia, Lithuania and Georgia38 or electoral - attacks on Central Election Commission of the Republic of Moldova servers on parliamentary election day in 2010. Over 44 million cyber-attacks on Israel government websites were registered between 14 and 19 November 2012, when Israel forces began an offensive in Gaza39. Being situated territorially between 2 of the top 10 countries, which generate cyber-attacks, Moldova is subjected to major risks of new forms of “cyber” crime. In fact, thanks to the Internet, we can say that all the countries are neighbors in the sense of cyber threats. r D f a ] t 36. The Republic of Moldova has ratified the Council of Europe Convention on Cyber crime, adopted in Budapest on November 23rd, 200140. The law on preventing and fighting cybercrime was implemented and adopted41, it regulates the legal relations on preventing and fighting cyber crimes; the protection and aid delivery to service providers and information systems users; the public administration collaboration with other representatives of civil society in preventing and fighting cybercrime; the cooperation with other states, international and regional organizations. Currently, in the Republic of Moldova there is no public authority directly liable and empowered with rights, functions and duties on cyber security. At this moment, there are several institutions involved in this process, each of them providing coverage for this issue on their business segment. Thus, the existing gap is to be covered by the legislative and regulatory framework in the field of cyber security. Being aware of the risks and threats to which the carried on activities are exposed in the cyberspace and of the means to prevent and counterattack them requires an effective communication and cooperation between specific stakeholders in this realm. From this view, there is a need to develop a culture of the cyber security of the information and communications systems users, which are often poorly informed about the potential risks, and solutions against them. [ 37. Nowadays, the Internet has become an important information infrastructure for the citizens and for the economy in general, that the ability to resist a multitude of new threats to IT systems and networks is important for users to feel comfortable and safe when connecting online. Just as in the real world, the cybercrime cannot be tolerated. Up till now the Internet has proven to be very safe, strong and reliable, IT networks and end-users terminals remain to be vulnerable to a wide range of new threats: in recent years Unsolicited electronic messages