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didactic staffs that teach computer science and other disciplines have never attended training
courses and have not acquired teaching degrees. A lot of teachers do not possess general
computer skills (email, Internet, etc.), and even fewer of them are able to use ICT in teaching
process. School teachers of the main scholar disciplines (except those 140 schools equipped with
educational software) have no educational software and have not been trained to handle such
software. Although there is an increase of applications using ICT in school and university
subjects, most of the school subjects have no dedicated educational software.
The most skilled in ICT teaching are not drawn to higher education because of
uncompetitive salaries, lack of a performance based management, motivation system and
professional development, and the education governance is confused (occupational standards are
missing, professional formation is directed by supply and not by demand, qualifications are
granted by the educational institutions in the absence of an explicit legal and normative
framework that would ensure the involvement of companies in this process, educational
institutions do not respond to the features of the graduate’s professional paths and other.
Nomenclature of the professional formation area and staff training specialties in higher education
institution and in Qualification framework fail to satisfy the existing market demand. Evaluation
systems of higher education institutions performances are not oriented to the EQF (European
Qualification Framework).
Internet admission system in the institutions of higher education is not implemented in the
Republic of Moldova. Although some universities have implemented information management
systems for certain processes and developed electronic courses, not having approved the
regulatory framework for distance learning, universities do not apply such mechanisms.
Electronic educational services from which people could benefit are only online published
lessons without the application of online evaluation mechanisms.
There is a huge brain drain to large international companies from this field. Through the
legislative support of the ICT business environment, it is possible to encourage large
international companies to use ICT human resources directly in the Republic of Moldova and to
encourage valuable professionals to remain in Moldova33.
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34. According to the International Communication Union (ITU) Report 201234, by the use
of sub-index, Moldova ranked only number 79, although it has achieved some progress
regarding indicators that form this sub-index (adults’ digital literacy rate – 98.5%, population
with secondary education rate – 88,0%, and the rate of population with higher education –
38,1%). According to the Global IT Report 2012, the level of ICT use is also low – only 3,2
points out of 7 possible (place 90th out of 142nd )35. The lowest level of use is observed in
business environment – 3,0 points out of 7 (120th out of 142nd), and governmental use is at 3,5
points out of 7 (94th out of 142nd). By the level of e-participation Moldova was ranked 38 out of
125 countries36.
The Insufficient use is due to the small number of online services and low level of digital
skills of the public institutions employees. Although the Academy of Public Administration uses
Methodological Norms for ICT training and online training tools implemented with the support
of UNDP, these instruments have not been used widely because there is no express provision in
normative acts that would require digital skills for employment in a public institution.
3.4. Increasing the danger of cybercrime and risk of low trust in networks and online
services
35. The more a society is computerized the more it is exposed to cybernetic attacks, and
the ensuring of cyberspace security should be a major concern of all stakeholders, especially at
the institutional level, which are responsible for coherent policy development and
implementation in the field.
Cyber security means the state of normality resulted from application of a set of proactive